Route Planning With ECDIS

What is voyage planning, Who is responsible, how do we comply with the rules and how do we utilize the features and functions available in an ECDIS?

Display of Electronic Charts

This chapter will give you an introduction to the various electronic chart display systems offered to the maritime industry, giving their advantages and disadvantages as seen from a navigator’s point of view.

Principle Used For Creating Electronic Charts - ECDIS

This videos will give you an introduction to the principle
used for creating charts.

Help you understand the limitations involved with the different methods used to create electronic charts and how to minimize the effect of these limitations.

Chart Projections and Chart Accuracy - ECDIS

With the increasing accuracy and reliability of navigational receivers, this part of the video module will try to establish a better understanding of the mathematical definition of the Earth’s surface and mapping of this curved shape onto a plane surface.

Whats is Electronic Chart Display and Information System ECDIS

This video will give you a brief introduction to the
evolution of electronic chart display systems (ECDIS).

It will help you understand what Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is the present status of Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) and some guesses about the future of Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS).

Emergencies On Board

This video will introduce you to:

On-board emergencies and how to handle various emergency situations such as man over board, medical evacuation, fire, groundings, and hull damage etc.

General advice

Distress signal

Safety signal

Basic radio procedure

Distress alert from vessel

Distress alert from aircraft.

EPIRB and ELTs.

Additional equipments.

Vessel distress message.

Cancellation of distress message.

Medical evacuation (MEDEVAC).

Person overboard.

Immediate action.

Standard manoeuvres – Williamson turn.

One turn(single turn, Anderson turn and etc).

Scharnov turn.

Fire on board.

Grounding.

Hull damages.

Abandoning ship.

Medical emergency .

Pirates and armed robbers.

Search Techniques and Operations - Planning And Conducting Search

This video will introduce you to:

How search patterns and procedures must be planned order to execute operations with minimum risks and delay.

Planning the search.

Visual search.

Track spacing.

Parallel seep search.

Search area.

Expanding square search.

Sector search.

Track line search.

Parallel sweep search.

Coordinated vessel aircraft search patterns.

Initiation of search.

Restricted visibility.

Rader search .

Land search patterns.

Visual ground search.

SAR briefing, debriefing and tasking.

Navigational inaccuracies of searching ships.

Point to remember.

Maneuvering during a search.

Unsuccessful search.

Search successful.

Conclusion of the search.

How On Scene Coordinator (SAR) Planned And Executed

This video will introduce you to:

How on scene coordination may be planned and executed.

Requirements for coordination.

Coordination of search and rescue authorities.

On-scene coordination.

Designation of on-scene coordinator (OSC).

On-scene coordinator duties.

Aircraft coordinator.

SAR operation risks.

On-scene communications.

OSC communications.

Situation reports.

Initial SITREPs.

SITREPs on scene.

RCC and RSC communications.

SITREPs examples.

Procedures For Assisting Vessels, Aircraft And Helicopters

This video will introduce you to:

Procedures for assisting vessels, aircraft and
helicopters.

Basic search pattern theory and lookout procedures.

Introduction to rescue equipment.

Methods of distress notification.

Immediate action.

The assisting vessel.

On-board preparation.

Signaling equipment

Medical equipment.

Miscellaneous equipment.

Vessel not assisting.

The search action plan.

Developing own search planning.

Visual communications.

Visual means of communication.

Observers.

Supply dropping.

Assistance by helicopters.

Evacuation equipment.

The double lift method.

Rescue net.

Rescue litter.

Helicopter operations.

Communication ship/helicopter.

Safety preparations.

Rescue by maritime facilities.

Assisting to ditching aircraft.

Pilot information.

Ship position relative to ditching aircraft.

Rescue by aircraft.

Seaplanes and amphibians.

Rescue by land facilities.

Aircraft crash sites.

Care of survivors.

Handling of deceased persons.

Consideration for transport.

Contact with the media.

Assistance from ships.

Training of search and rescue personnel.

Minimum training requirements.

IAMSAR Overview

This video will introduce you to:

The responsibility of search and rescue organization.

The responsibility of its Co-coordinator.

Responsibilities and obligation to assist.

National and regional SAR system organization.

SAR coordination.

SAR coordinators.

SAR mission coordinator.

On-scene coordinator.

Search and rescue organization.

Propulsion And Manoeuvring Systems

This video will give you a general overview of the most common propulsion and manoeuvring systems used to day.

Manoeuvring Characteristics.

The traditional rudder and propeller system.

Motor ship – Low speed diesel engines.

Motor ship – Medium and high speed diesel engines.

Turbines.

Controllable pitch propeller (CPP).

Ducted propellers.

The conventional rudder profile.

Rudder balance.

Rudder designs.

Other rudder designs.

Operational aspects.

Twin schilling rudders.

Turning diagram for twin schilling rudder.

Conventional single screw arrangement.

Accurate and predictable turning manoeuvres.

Turning with constant rate of turn.

Calculation of rate of turn (ROT).

Turning with fixed turn radius.

Marine Useful Manoeuvres

This video will provide you with a basic introduction to some useful standard manoeuvres

Useful manoeuvres.

Pilot boarding arrangement.

Picking up a pilot.

Picking up a pilot in rough weather.

Pilot by helicopter.

Man over board.

The single turn.

The scarecrow turn.

The Williamson turn.

Man overboard – Immediate action.

Search patterns.

Re-supplying and transfers at sea.

Manoeuvring Characteristics And Interaction

This video will provide you with basic understanding of typical maneuvering characteristics for different ship types.

Ship steering.

Maneuvering information.

Turning circles.

Comparison of turning circles – loaded/ballast.

Passenger ferry – turning and stopping parameters.

Bulk carrier – turning and stopping parameters.

VLCC – Turning and stopping parameters.

Shallow water influence.

Squat.

Zig Zag test.

Emergency stopping.

Launching and recovery of boats.

Helicopter operations.

Forces Involved During Manoeuvring and Sailing of Ships

This video will provide you with a general overview of the forces involved during maneuvering and sailing of ships.

Bernoulli’s Law.

Forces.

The pivot point.

The turning.
lever and moment.

The rudder force.

Ship handling in practice.

How to obtain relevant information.

Ship maneuvering ability.

The professional ship handler.

What is ship handling?

This video will provide you with a short introduction to basic ship handling and an elementary understanding of the forces involved.

Merchant ship design principles.

Steering control.

What is ship handling?

Ship handlers.

Ship handling simulators.

Disabled Ship – Emergencies

The learning objectives for this Video are:

To be aware of the basic actions, which should be taken when
the ship is disabled or in an emergency situation.

Disabled Ship.

Accidental flooding.

Drift of a disabled ship.

Steering failure.

Use of anchors.

Towing.

Ship aground.

Safety Voyage Planning

The learning objectives for this Video are:
To draw the ship’s officer attention to the importance of implementing quality control in the operation of the ship.

Safety Management.
Safety.
Avoiding risk.
Environmental protection.
Safety concepts.
Definition of risk.
Improving safety reducing risk.
Human error.

What is Piracy? | What does Piracy Mean?

Marine Weather Routing

The learning objectives for this Video are:
To gain a basic understanding of what weather routing is, and how the voyage plan can benefit this statically data based on long term accumulation of data combined with up to date weather routing information.

Advantages of weather routing.

Weather.

Maps.

How much can one save in time.

Weather routing people and the captain.

Hull monitoring systems.

Effective Communication on Board

The learning objectives for this Video are:

To understand the importance of good communication procedures on all levels, in order to achieve safe and efficient ship operation.

What is Communication?

Different types of communication

Results of Communication Problems

Causes and occurrence of communication problems

Ship bridge communication

Good bridge communications

IMO publication

Sea speak

Safety watches keeping on GMDSS ships

VHF watch keeping

MF watch keeping

HF watch keeping

Log keeping

Testing Radio equipment

Pollution prevention

Emergency situations

Helicopter operations

Duties And Responsibilities of Officer On Watch(OOW)

The learning objectives for this Video are:

Familiarization with the duties of the Officer of the
watch (OOW)

Understanding the responsibility of being in charge to a
navigation watch

Primary duties of OOW.

Watch keeping.

Navigation.

Radio communications.

Additional duties.

COLREGS.

Periodic checks
on navigational equipment.

Operational checks.

Routine tests and checks.

Checks on
electronic equipment.

Changing over the watch.

Navigation.

Monitoring the voyage.

Using positions
from electronic position-fixing systems.

Navigation in restricted waters.
Navigation with pilot on board.

Monitoring the pilotage.

Controlling ship speed.
Steering.

Radio communications.

Search and rescue.

ECDIS Voyage Planning

The learning objectives for this Video are:

Why has voyage planning?

Company responsibilities to provide adequate procedures
and instructions?

Factors to consider when deciding the appropriate route.

Principles of voyage planning and its execution with and without ECDIS

Keypoints

What is voyage planning?

Company policy and procedures

Voyage plan consideration

When should voyage planning be done?

Route validation

Responsibility for voyage planning

Responsibility for voyage planning

Principle of passage planning

Plan appraisal

Planning controls

Voyage planning using electronic chart display system

Voyage planning on ECDIS

Use of RNC charts

Transferring route plans to other navigation aids

Voyage planning in ocean waters

Monitoring

Pre-arrival planning

Navigation with pilot

Use of ships routing

IMO ship routing systems

Ship reporting systems

Country Requirements of Ballast Water Management

This Section should give a introduction to the difference
between regional requirements.

Regional requirements

Ballast water management USA.

Ballast water management California.

Ballast water management Great lakes and Hudson River.

Ballast water management Orkney Island United Kingdom.

Ballast water management Canada.

Ballast water management Argentina.

Ballast water management Australia.

Ballast water management Chile.

Ballast water management Israel.

Ballast water management New Zealand.

Duties Of Ballast Water Management Officer

This Section will provide introduction to the duties andtraining required for onboard personal.

Ballast water management officer.

Duties of ballast water management officer.

Duties for other personnel involved in ballast water management.

Training requirements.

Ballast Water Management Methods

Ballast water treatment techniques to eliminating invasive aquatic species, reducing corrosion and complying with IMO ballast water guidelines. Ballast Water Management System for ships. Ocean-going ships take on ballast water to maintain stability when sailing without cargoes. This system ensures that ballast water is harmless when it is discharged into the sea at the loading port. Animal and plant plankton, bacteria, and other harmful materials in the ballast water are removed by the combined use of a high-performance filter, chemicals and venture tubes. This Section will provide you with information about various techniques for treating ballast water.

Ballasting.

Ballast water exchange at sea.

Sequential method.

Flow-through method.

Ballast System.

Precautions to be taken when exchanging ballast at sea .

Non-release of blast water.

Discharge to shore facility .

Sediment removal.

Ballast Techniques.

Contingency procedures.

Tang-ency procedures.

Other not yet approved techniques.

Mechanical treatment methods such as filtration separation.

Physical treatment.

Ballast Methods.

Chemical treatment.

Ballast water sampling.

Location of sampling points.

Ballast Water Management Plan and Record Book

This Section will provide you with an understanding of the
contents of a ballast water managements plan.

Ballast water management plan.

Model Ballast water management plan.

Ballast water records.

What is an Invasive Species? Environmental Threat From Marine Invasive S...

This Section should give knowledge regarding the different environmental
threat of ballast water.

Environment impact

Stowaways

Unwanted species

North American comb jelly

North pacific seastar

Zebra mussel

Asia kelp

European green crab

Round Goby

Toxic algae

Mitten Crab

Cladocera water flea

Cholera

Economical impacts

Dangers to human health 

What Is Ballast Water?

This video Section should give a introduction to the
background of ballast water management.

Introduction of Water Management.

Background of Water Management.

Requirements of IMO resolution A.868(20).

Ballast water cycle.

Definition of ballast water management.

Limitation of AIS and Possible Future Application of AIS

This section should give a
introduction to:

The limitation of AIs
system

Operator attention to
possible AIS limitations

Key Points

Not all ships are equipped with AIS

AIS may be switched off

AIS information may not be complete

Erroneous information

Accuracy of AIS information

Poorly configured or calibrated ship sensors

Missing sensor

OOW warning

Use of AIS for collision
Avoidance

AIS in Collision avoidance decision making

AIS impact on the navigational watch

AIS assistance

Additional and possible future applications

Text messages

DGNSS corrections

AIS in SAR operations

Aids to navigation

AIS in an overall information system

AIS as part of higher security

Use of AIS - Functions of AIS

This section should give a
short introduction to:

G use of AIS

Use of AIS information in collision avoidance

Use of AIS by VTS

Use of AIS in search and rescue

Key Points

The MKD display

COLREG Rule 7: Risk of Collision

AIS main functions

AIS performance

AIS accuracy

AIS and Rader

Comparison of radar/ARPA and AIS information

Use of AIS information for collision avoidance

Early action to avoid collision

AIS and VTS

VTS limitations

Possible Future options

Global AIS

AIS in marine rescue and Co-Ordination

How AIS Works - Operation of AIS

This section should give a
short introduction to:

Operational aspects of AIS

Functions and features

Human aspects

Key Points

The AIS transponder unit.

Automatic communication.

SOLAS requirements.

AIS Information sent by ships.

Static information update.     

Dynamic information update.

Voyage related information update.

Checking AIS data.      

Display Of AIS data.

Recommended AIS symbols.

Sleeping target symbol.

Activated target symbol.

Selected target symbol.

Dangerous target symbol.

Lost target symbol.

AIS information displayed
on ARPA and ECDIS.

Minimum graphical information.

Symbol harmonization.

Priority of AIS target symbols.

Common reference.

AIS information on radar .

Suppressing dangerous
targets.

Course Over Ground (COG) Vector.

Speed Over Ground (SOG) Vector.

Automatic target
acquisition.

Warning limits.    

Automatic display
selection.

Human interface.

Human factor.

Technical Introduction – Components of AIS

This section should give a
short introduction to:

General technical
description

Description of main
components

AIS components

AIS stand alone

VHF channels

Ship reporting capacity

AIS broadcast mode

AIs overload

Dynamic information

Dynamic information update
rate

Technical complexity

Power

VHF antenna installation

Minimum keyboard and
display

Pilot plug

Display System

Built-in Integrity Test –
BIIT

AIs additional requirements

What is AIS - Automatic Identification System

What is AIS - Automatic Identification System. This section should give a short introduction to:

The AIS System
Display of AIS information
Available Options
What is Automatic Identification system (AIS)
AIS carriage requirements
AIS caution
Objectives of AIS
The Propose of AIS
Short Description of AIS
AIS main components
AIS provided information
AIS display of information
Graphical display
Sleep target
Activated target
Selected target
Dangerous target
Graphical standards

Dangerous Goods Incidents

Dangerous Goods Incidents. The learning objectives of this video are to:

Examine a number of case studies on incident dangerous goods.
Note how others have, rightly or wrongly, responded.

Case Study 1 - Potential Gas Poisoning
Case Study 2 – Damage resulting from leakage
Case Study 3 – Containers Overboard

IMDG Code Supplement

The learning objectives of this video section are to examine
the various parts of the supplement to the IMDG Code, including:

Emergency response procedures (The EmS guide)

Medical first aid guide (MFAG)

Reporting procedures.

Packing Cargo Transport Units (CTU’s)

The Safe use of pesticides in ships

The carriage of nuclear materials (INF Code)

Appendix

Transport Operations Of Dangerous Goods

The learning objectives of this video is to secure a limited working knowledge of :

Stowage.

Particular Precautions.

Segregation.

Cargo transport units on particular vessel types.

Temperature control Provisions.

The transport of wastes.

Exemptions, approvals and certificates.

Key Points

Stowage

Stowage Categories

Stowage on deck

Walkways and access

Empty reception

Empty receptacles

Shaded from radiant heat

Stowage clear of living quarters

Stowage of marine pollutants

Stowage in relation to foodstuffs

Stowage of goods of Class 1: Explosives

Stowage of goods of Class 2: Gases

Stowage of goods of Class 3: Flammable liquids

Stowage of goods of Class 4: Flammable solids

Stowage of goods of Class 5.1: Oxidizing substances

Stowage of goods of Class 5.2: Organic peroxides

Stowage of goods of Class 6.1: Toxic substances

Stowage of goods of Class 7: Radioactive material

Stowage of goods of Class 8: Corrosive substances

Stowage of goods of Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances

Introduction to segregation

Principal of segregation

Segregation table

Segregation and different methods of transport

Establishing segregation

Fire precautions

Disposal of Spillages

Transport of cargo transport units on board ship

Cargo transport Units in cargo spaces other than ro-ro cargo spaces

Segregation of cargo transport units on container ship

Transport of cargo transport units on board Ro-Ro vessels

Transport of cargo transport units on board Ro-Ro vessels

Ship-borne barges

Temperature control

Methods of temperature control

Transport of wastes

Exemptions, Approvals and Certificates

Consignment Procedures - Transport of Dangerous Goods By Sea

The learning objectives of this video section are to become familiar with the consignment procedures associated with the transport of dangerous goods by sea, including:

The identification of dangerous goods
Marking
Labels
Placards
Documentation
Electronic data processing and interchanges

Key Points
Revision of definitions
Identification
Use of over packs and unit loads
Empty unclean packaging or units
Packing for labeling of packages including IBCs
Marking of packages including IBCs
Marking of cargo transport units
Special marking provisions
Packing for Class 7 Substances
Marking of cargo transport units
Special marking provisions
Labeling of packages including IBCs
Subsidiary risks
Provision for labels
Specimen labels
Placards
Provisions for placards
Documentation
Required information
Supplementary information
Container and vehicle packing certificates
Emergency response information
Electronic documentation

IMDG Code Packing And Tank Provisions

The learning objectives of this video section are to familiarize
with:

Packing Groups.

Types of packing.

The testing of packages.

Intermediate Bulk Containers.

As described in the IMDG Code.

General provisions

Packing groups

Salvage packaging

Marking of packages

Marking detail for packaging and large packaging

Additional markings

Special marking provisions for Class 6.2 substances

Special packing provisions

Type of IBC

Additional general provisions of the use of IBCs

Marking of IBCs,

Portable tanks and multiple-Elements Gas Containers (MEGCs)

Types of portable tank

Marking of portable tanks

Cargo transport units

Limited quantities

Excepted quantities

Testing of Packaging,

Dangerous Goods Classes and Classification

The learning objective of this video are to give those personnel involved in handling dangerous goods:
An understanding of the criteria used to determine whether goods should be considered as dangerous.
A working knowledge of the nine classes and their respective divisions to which dangerous goods are assigned.
The classification is described in Chapter 2 contained in Volume 1 of the IMDG Code.

Hazardous chemicals and chemical reactions
The purpose of classification

Class overview
Class 1 – Explosives
Class 2 – Gases
Class 3 – Flammable Liquids
Class 4 – Flammable Solids
Class 5 – Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
Class 6 – Toxic and infections substances
Class 7 – Radioactive material
Class 8 – Corrosive substances
Class 9 – Miscellaneous dangerous substances

Marine Pollutants

Chemical Terminology Found in The IMDG Code

The learning objective of this video is:

To examine some basic chemical terms found in the IMDG
Code.

The IMDG Code

The learning objective of this video are:

To examine the contents of the IMDG Code and its
Supplement, leading to an understanding of their application.

Note: This Video is based on the IMDG Code 2008 Edition –
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, incorporating Amendment 34-08 and
the 2008 Supplement. Where the phrase “The Codes” is used in this module, it
refers to this code.

Dangerous Goods Regulations

The learning objective of this video section is to
familiarize with:

1. The origins of the international agreements on maritime
   trade.
2. The role of the IMO (International Maritime
   Organization).
3. The applicable sections of SOLAS 74 and MARPOL 73/74

How To Maintaining And Storing of Gas Measurement Instruments

The learning objectives of this video section are to
familiarize all personnel involved in tank atmosphere control with:

1. How to maintain the portable measuring equipment.
2. How to store the portable measuring equipment
3. Routine testing of the portable measuring equipment

Measuring And Recording Tank Atmosphere

The learning objectives of this video section are to
familiarize all personnel involved in tank atmosphere control with:

1. Preparing the indicators for use.
2. Making correct measurements.
3. Recording the measurements properly.
4. Issuing the correct permits

Flammability Diagram

The learning objectives of this video section are to familiarize
all personnel involved in tank atmosphere control with:

1. The use of the flammability composition diagram.
2. Understand the upper and lower explosive limits.
3. Be fully aware of the company policy regarding tank
   atmosphere handling.

Sampling Hoses And Pumps

The learning objectives of this video section are to familiarize
all personnel involved in tank atmosphere control operation with:

1. Sampling hoses.
2. Hand aspirators.
3. Built-in pumps

Gas Measurement Indicators Calibration

The learning objective of this video section is to ensure
all personnel involved in tank atmosphere control operations are able to
properly perform the following calibrations:

1. Calibrations of Servomex OA 262 oxygen analyzer.
2. Calibrations of Preparation of the Riken model M-17HC (interferometer).
3. Calibrations of Riken model GP-@04 (explosimeter).
4. Calibrations of Drager multi gas detector Pump "Accuro" and tubes.

Gas Measurement Indicators Preparation

The learning objective of this video section is to familiarize
all relevant personnel involved with preparation of the following indicators

1. Preparation of the Servomex OA 262 oxygen analyser.
2. Preparation of the Riken model M-17HC (interferometer).
3. Preparation of the Riken model GP-@04 (explosimeter).
4. Preparation of the Drager multi gas detector Pump
   "Accuro" and tubes.

Operational Principle Gas Measurement Instruments

The learning objective of this video section is to
familiarize all personnel involved in tank atmosphere control operation with:

1. Operational principles of the Servomex OA 262 oxygen analyser.
2. Operational principles of the Riken model M-17HC (interferometer).
3. Operational principles of the Riken model GP-@04 (explosimeter).
4. Operational principles of the Drager multi gas detector
5. Pump "Accuro" and tubes.

Gas Measurement Instruments

The learning objective of this video section is to
familiarize all personnel involved is gas measurement (portable indicators)
with the following indicators:

1. Servomex OA 262, oxygen analyzer.
2. Riken gas indicator for hydrocarbons, Model M-17HC
   (interferometer).
3. Riken Hand-held portable combustible detector, Model
   GP-@04 (explosimeter).
4. Drager multi gas detector Pump, type "Accuro"
   and tubes.

Introduction Crude Oil Washing

The learning objective of this video section is to ensure relevant personal are acquainted with:

1. The Purpose of Crude Oil Washing.
2. The Property of Crude Oil.
3. The Dissolving effect in Crude Oil.
4. Applicability of the Requirement
5. Advantages of Crude Oil Washing
6. Disadvantages of Crude Oil Washing
7. Disadvantages with water Washing.

Crude Oil Washing (COW)

Crude oil washing (COW) is a system whereby oil tanks on a tanker are cleaned out between voyages not with water, but with crude oil - the cargo itself.  The solvent action of the crude oil makes the cleaning process far more effective than when water is used. (There is usually a final water rinse but the amount of water involved is very low.) The system helps prevent pollution of the seas from operational measures.

COW is mandatory on new tankers under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution by Ships (MARPOL 73/78).

Watch Videos Click Here: Crude Oil Washing

The problem – pollution from oil cleaning operations

Development of Load on Top

Development of Crude Oil Washing

Crude oil washing regulations and specifications

The problem – pollution from oil cleaning operations

Tankers carry their cargo in a number of tanks or compartments within the hull of the ship.  Before the introduction of segregated ballast tanks, tanks were cleaned after the oil was discharged and about one third of them filled with seawater so that the ship's propeller is properly immersed and it has correct handling and sea‑keeping characteristics.  This process is known as ballasting.

In the early days of oil tanker operations it was a common practice to clean tanks by means of jets spraying seawater.  The jets washed the oil residues from the tank surfaces, resulting in a mixture of oil and water which collected at the bottom of the tank and was then pumped overboard.  This naturally led to a considerable amount of oil getting into the sea. The ballast water, which was pumped overboard to make way for a fresh cargo of oil, was also contaminated.

In the 1950s, there were no alternative ways of cleaning tanks. The OILPOL Convention, adopted in 1954, tried to alleviate the pollution from this process by prohibiting the discharge of oil or oily mixtures within 50 miles of land.  This limit was extended to 100 miles in certain areas which were regarded as being particularly endangered.

In the late 1960s, concern about the waste of oil and pollution caused by this process led the industry to look for an alternative.

The result was to become known as "load on top".

Development of Load on Top

Under load on top, tanks were cleaned as previously using high-pressure hot-water cleaning machines. However, instead of pumping the resulting oily mixtures overboard, they were pumped into a special slop tank.

During the course of the return voyage to the loading terminal this mixture separates. Oil, being lighter than water, gradually floats to the surface leaving the denser water at the bottom. This water is then pumped into the sea, leaving only crude oil in the tank.

At the loading terminal fresh crude oil is then loaded on top of it. The process had advantages for the owner of the oil, since the oil normally lost during tank cleaning can be saved (as much as 800 tons of oil on a large tanker), but the main beneficiary was the environment. Some experts believe that without load on top the amount of oil being dumped into the sea as a result of tank cleaning could have reached more than 8 million tons a year.

Development of Crude Oil Washing

The introduction of load on top was a great contribution to the fight against marine pollution but it did not completely eliminate pollution resulting from tank cleaning operations.  Although the amount and rate of discharge is carefully regulated the process still resulted in some pollution occurring. In the late 1970s an improvement was introduced. Instead of using water, the tank cleaning machines used crude oil - in other words, the cargo itself.

When sprayed onto the sediments clinging to the tank walls, the oil simply dissolved them, turning them back into usable oil that could be pumped off with the rest of the cargo. There was no need for slop tanks to be used since the process left virtually no slops. The process became known as Crude Oil Washing (COW).

Crude oil washing meant that the mixture of oil and water which led to so much operational pollution in the past was virtually ended.  At the same time, the owner is able to discharge far more of this cargo than before, since less of it is left clinging to the tank walls and bottoms.

Crude oil washing regulations

Crude oil washing was made mandatory for new tankers by the 1978 Protocol to the MARPOL Convention.

MARPOL Annex I Regulation 13 (6) requires every new crude oil tanker of 20,000 tons deadweight and above to be fitted with a cargo tank cleaning system using crude oil washing.

Regulation 13B states that COW installation and arrangements should comply with at least all of the provisions of the Specifications for the Design, Operation and Control of Crude Oil Washing Systems adopted by IMO in 1978, as may be revised.

In 1999, IMO adopted revised specifications for COW by resolution A. 897(21) Amendments to the revised Specifications for the Design, Operation and Control of Crude Oil Washing Systems (Resolution A.446(XI), as amended by resolution A.497(XII).

Essential Equipment Crude Oil Washing

The learning objective of this video section is to ensure relevant personal are acquainted with:

1. The Pumps
2. The Piping System
3. The Stripping System
4. The Tank Washing Machines.
5. Ballast Lines.

Crude Oil Washing Operation

Crude Oil Washing Operation.The learning objective of this video section is to ensure relevant personal are acquainted with:

1. Tankage to be Crude Oil Washed.
2. Crude Oil Washing at Sea Between Ports.
3. Use of Inert Gas.
4. Vapour Emission Control
5. Precautions Against Electrostatic Generator.
6. Discharge of Dirty Ballast.

Operation And Equipment Manual of COW

The learning objective of this video section is to ensure relevant personal are acquainted with:

1. The Purpose of the Manual
2. The Content of the Manual

Safety of Crude Oil Washing

The learning objective of this video section is to ensure relevant personal are acquainted with:

1. Ship Safety Check List.
2. Shore Safety Check List.
3. Procedures Before Crude Oil Washing.
4. Procedures During Crude Oil Washing.
5. Procedures After Crude Oil Washing.
6. Recording.

Crude Oil Washing Exercises

The learning objective of this video section is to ensure relevant personal are acquainted with:

1. Preparing the Crude Oil Washing Operation.
2. Opening Relevant Valves in the Correct Order.
3. Stripping With Vacuum Stripping.
4. Stripping With Ejector Stripping.
5. Shut-Down Procedures.

Maintenance of Equipment During COW

The learning objective of this video section is to ensure relevant personal are acquainted with:

Maintenance Attitude.

Elements of Fire and Explosion - Fire Triangle

The Elements of fire and Explosion

1. This video will familiarize you with:
2. The Components of the fire triangle
3. How to break the chain-reaction between the components in the fire triangle
4. To fight the fire

Response to Emergency Situations Involving Fire

On Completion of this Video you should have a good Understanding of:

1. The shipboard fire-fighting organization
2. How to respond if you detect a fire
3. How to respond when you hear the fire alarm
4. The need for constant vigilance

Physical Properties of Fire

Physical properties of fire hazards and the spread of fire

This video will introduce you to:

1. The definition of ignition point, flash point and explosive limits
2. Flammable materials
3. Fire hazards
4. Spreads of fire

Controlling Fire Fighting Operation Aboard ships

Fire Team Tactics

The Object of this video is to educate the participant in:

1. Preparation of contingency plans.
2. Composition and allocation of personnel to fire parties.
3. Strategies and tactics for control of fires in various parts of the ship.

Fire Fighting Procedures at Sea and Port

In this Video i will give a brief interdiction to:

1. Who is responsible for fire extinguishing on ship ?
2. Shore Based Rescue Organization.
3. Fire Fighting Tactics.
4. Alerting or notifying the bridge.
5. Alarm instructions.
6. Saving Lives.
7. What is Emergency Escape Breathing Device(EEBD).
8. Who can Limiting the Fire.
9. Fire Doors.
10. Smoke and Fire Dampers.
11. Extinguishing The Fire.

Inspection and Servicce of Fire Extinguishing equipment

This video will cover the following subjects:

1. Fire detection system
2. Fixed fire detection system
3. Mobile fire extinguishing equipment
4. Portable fire extinguishing equipment
5. Personal protective equipment
6. Communication equipment
7. Requirements for surveys
8. Fire Inspection checklist

Ship Fire Reporting

In this video will cover fire hazards and cause and will give aberif description on the prepartion of reports and the identification of the case of fire.

1. Fire hazards and fire cases.
2. Fire Identification.
3. Preparation of fire reports.

Principle ARPA System

In this Video will cover describes the different methods of displaying information, acquisition modes and acquisition procedures.

1. Principle ARPA System.
2. What is ARPA ?
3. Methods of displaying information.
4. Acquisition of targets.
5. Manual acquisition .
6. Automatic acquisition.

Radar Plotting and Methods of Plotting

The learning objectives of this video are:

Refreshing of manual plotting they including definitions of plotting terms, error sources, speed to be used etc.

1. Error sources in manual plotting.
2. Course steered and course made good.
3. Methods of plotting.
4. True and relative motion.
5. Target aspect.
6. The plotting triangle.
7. The plotting diagram.

Theory of ARPA Tracking System

The learning objectives of this video are:

Explaining the ARPA philosophy for detection, acquiring and tracking of targets.

Explaining processing delays and other important limitions in the system.

1. Tracking Window
2. Processing delays
3. Time filters
4. Lost target

General COLREG

COLREG is International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.

The learning objectives of this video are that the participant will:

Understand the application and implications of the collision rules

Know the term used throughout these regulations

COLREG Lights, Shapes and Sound Signals

The learning objective of this section is to get acquainted with the different lights, shapes and sound signals that may be used by different types of vessels

Lights and shapes

Visibility of lights

Lights displayed by power-driven vessels underway

Lights for vessels towing and pushing

Lights for sailing and rowing vessels

Lights for fishing vessels

Lights for vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre

Lights for vessels constrained by their draught

Lights for pilot vessels

Lights for vessels anchored and aground

Lights for seaplanes

Definitions of whistle

Equipment

Manoeuvring and warning signals, using whistle or lights

Sound signals to be used in restricted visibility

Signals to be used to attract attention

Distress signals

Annexes

ANNEX I – Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes

ANNEX II – Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity

ANNEX III – Technical details of sound signal appliances

ANNEX IV – Distress signals

Vessels Visibility Rules COLREG Rules

The learning objective of this video is to make the student aware of the circumstances and 

conditions that must be considered when risk of collision is being assessed and the need 

to maintain a proper lookout in all conditions of visibility.

Look-out- Rule 5

Safe Speed - Rule 6

Risk of Collision - Rule 7

Action to Avoid Collision - Rule 8

Narrow Channels - Rule 9

Traffic Separation Schemes - Rule 10

Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility

The learning objectives of the video are:

The rule of the road when two vessels are meeting each other and the responsibility 

between these vessels in clear visibility and also in restricted visibility.

Overtaking Rule 13

Head-on situation Rule 14

Crossing situation Rule 15

Actions by give-way and Stand on Vessel Rules 16 & 17

Responsibilities between Vessels

Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility

Distress Signals - Annex IV

Vessel Collision Case Study 1

In this video will describe a real life maritime incident and explain the chain of events leading to a collision. it will highlight the rules of the Road being applied to the-situation and provide an opinion regarding the responsibility of each party involved an opinion regard the responsibility of each party involved in the collision.

Vessel Collision Case Study 2

In this video will describe a real life maritime incident and explain the chain of events leading to a collision. it will highlight the rules of the Road being applied to the-situation and provide an opinion regarding the responsibility of each party involved an opinion regard the responsibility of each party involved in the collision.

Vessel Collision Case Study 3

In this video will describe a real life maritime incident and explain the chain of events leading to a collision. it will highlight the rules of the Road being applied to the-situation and provide an opinion regarding the responsibility of each party involved an opinion regard the responsibility of each party involved in the collision.

Vessel Collision Case Study 4

In this video will describe a real life maritime incident and explain the chain of events leading to a collision. it will highlight the rules of the Road being applied to the-situation and provide an opinion regarding the responsibility of each party involved an opinion regard the responsibility of each party involved in the collision.

Fire Classes and Extinguishing Agents

After having completed this Video you will be familiar with:

The Extinguishing agents normally used on board

The internationally used fire classes

The suitability of the various extinguishing agents for the fire classes

Fire Classes:

Class A Fire

Class B Fire

Class C Fire

Class D Fire

Water Extinguishers

Co2 Extinguishers

Foam Extinguishers

Powder Extinguishers

Halon System

Fire Fighting Rules and Regulation

Fire Fighting Rules and Regulation

After having completed this video you will know where to find the rules and regulations governing safety equipment on-board.

Rules and Regulations for Maritime Safety

Additions to the SOLAS Requirements

Three Governing Bodies

The Muster Checklist

Fire-Fighting Equipment and its Location On Board

On completion of this video you should be familiar with:

The fire Control plan

The emergency exits

Fire and smoke detection

The automatic alarm system

Location of fire fighting appliances and detection system

On completion of this video you should be familiar with:

The fire Control plan

The emergency exits

Fire and smoke detection

The automatic alarm system